Citations for Chapter Ten: Materials and Recycling

For more information about citations and sources, please visit this writing's source and citation policy. For a full list of citations used in this writing, please visit Appendix: Cited Facts and Sources.
  1. Background reading on ocean garbage: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_debris
     
  2. J. Hopewell, R. Dvorak, E. Kosior. “Plastics recycling: challenges and opportunities.” Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2009 Jul 27; 364(1526): 2115–2126. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2008.0311. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2873020/
     
    Background reading on percent yield in chemistry. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yield_(chemistry). P

    Plastics Technology. “What’s Your Production Efficiency?” R. Hirschfeld. 7 January, 1999. https://www.ptonline.com/articles/what's-your-production-efficiency 
     
  3. Plastics Technology. “What’s Your Production Efficiency?” R. Hirschfeld. 7 January, 1999. https://www.ptonline.com/articles/what's-your-production-efficiency
     
  4. History of computing hardware (1960s – present): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_computing_hardware_(1960s%E2%80%93present)
     
  5. Chemical Engineering Magazine. “Artificial Intelligence: A New Reality for Chemical Engineers.” M. Bailey. 1 February, 2019. https://www.chemengonline.com/artificial-intelligence-new-reality-chemical-engineers/
     
  6. Molecule.one – chemical synthesis company using machine learning.
     
  7. D-Wave systems. Background information on quantum computing. https://www.dwavesys.com/quantum-computing
     
  8. D-Wave systems. Background information on quantum computing. https://www.dwavesys.com/quantum-computing
     
  9. TechCrunch. “The reality of quantum computing could be just three years away.” J. Shieber. 7 September, 2018. https://techcrunch.com/2018/09/07/the-reality-of-quantum-computing-could-be-just-three-years-away/
     
  10. Instructions per second: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instructions_per_second#Timeline_of_instructions_per_second
     
  11. Futurism. “AI is learning quantum mechanics to design new molecules.” D. Robitzski. 22 November, 2019. https://futurism.com/the-byte/ai-quantum-mechanics-design-molecules
     
  12. Scientific American. “Biofuel from Bacteria.” D. Biello. 1 April, 2010. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/biofuel-from-bacteria/
     
    Solar Energy Research Institute. “Formation of Hydrocarbons by Bacteria and Algae.” T. Tornabene. December, 1980. https://www.nrel.gov/docs/legosti/old/999.pdf#p13
     
  13. N. Browning, R. Ramakrishnan, et al. “Genetic Optimization of Training Sets for Improved Machine Learning Models of Molecular Properties.” J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2018, 9, 22, 6480-6488 October 29, 2018 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b02956
     
  14. Scientific American. “Making Plastic as Strong as Steel.” L. Greenemeier. 11 October, 2007. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/making-plastic-as-strong/
     
  15. Link to Line-X product lines: http://www.linex.com/line-x-for-manufacturers
     
  16. Video demonstrations of Line-X spray: https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=linex+demonstration
     
  17. Background reading on FR-4. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FR-4
     
  18. Monarch Metal Fabrication. “Types of Metal Strength.” C. Smith. 24 August, 2016. https://www.monarchmetal.com/blog/types-of-metal-strength/
     
  19. Plastics international datasheet on FR-4. https://www.plasticsintl.com/datasheets/Phenolic_G10_FR4.pdf ***BROKEN LINK
     
  20. Axion Structural Innovations. Background information on synthetic wood. http://www.axionsi.com/
     
  21. Journal of Materials Science and Nanomaterials. “High-Temperature Structure Materials Beyond Nickel Base Supperalloy.” G. Ouyang. 15 October, 2017. https://www.omicsonline.org/open-access/high-temperature-structure-materials-beyond-nickel-base-superalloy.pdf
     
  22. Popular Mechanics. “Scientists Invent a New Steel as Strong as Titanium.” W. Herkewitz. 4 February, 2015. https://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/news/a13919/new-steel-alloy-titanium/
     
  23. New Scientist. “New alloys could lead to next generation of nuke plant metals.” J. Emspak. 18 March, 2016. https://www.newscientist.com/article/2081605-new-alloys-could-lead-to-next-generation-of-nuke-plant-metals/
     
  24. Columbia University News. “Columbia Engineers Prove Graphene is the Strongest Material.” 21 July, 2008. http://www.columbia.edu/cu/news/08/07/graphene.html
     
  25. Graphenea corporation. “Properties of Graphene.” J. Fuente. https://www.graphenea.com/pages/graphene-properties#.XZ7FJudKhTY
     
  26. Android Community. “Samsung Producing Graphene, the Material for Flexible Displays.” N. Swanner. 4 April, 2014. https://androidcommunity.com/samsung-producing-graphene-the-material-for-flexible-displays-20140404/
     
  27. ComputerWorld. “Graphene sticky notes may offer 32GB capacity you can write on.” L. Mearian. 18 December, 2013.  https://www.computerworld.com/article/2486937/graphene-sticky-notes-may-offer-32gb-capacity-you-can-write-on.html 
     
  28. MIT Technology Review. “Graphene Antennas Would Enable Terabit Wireless Downloads.” D. Talbot. 5 March, 2013. https://www.technologyreview.com/s/511726/graphene-antennas-would-enable-terabit-wireless-downloads/
     
  29. MIT Technology Review. “Graphene Antennas Would Enable Terabit Wireless Downloads.” D. Talbot. 5 March, 2013. https://www.technologyreview.com/s/511726/graphene-antennas-would-enable-terabit-wireless-downloads/
     
  30. MedGadget. “Graphene: The Next Medical Revolution.” R. Peleg. 20 May, 2015. http://www.medgadget.com/2015/05/graphene-next-medical-revolution.html
     
  31. Q. Ke. J. Wang. “Graphene-based materials for supercapacitor electrodes – a review.” Journal of Materiomics, Volume 2, Issue 1. March, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmat.2016.01.001
     
  32. Middle East Technical University, Turkey. Nanonotes. “Lithium-Ion batteries vs. graphene batteries.” O. Kutun. 23 July, 2019. https://blog.metu.edu.tr/e207651/2019/07/23/lithium-ion-batteries-vs-graphene-batteries/
     
  33. HyperTextbook. “How thick is a sheet of printer paper”? https://hypertextbook.com/facts/2001/JuliaSherlis.shtml
     
  34. HyperTextbook. “How thick is a sheet of printer paper”? https://hypertextbook.com/facts/2001/JuliaSherlis.shtml
     
  35. Stack Sports. “How many acres in a football field?” https://www.stack.com/a/how-many-acres-is-a-football-field
     
  36. Nanotechnology Journal. Volume 28, Number 44. “Graphene supercapacitor with both high power and energy density.” H. Yang, S. Kannappan, A. Pandian, J. Hyung Jang, Y. Sung Lee and W. Lu. 4 October, 2017. http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-6528/aa8948 Link two: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28854156
     
  37. Union of Concern Scientists. “Electric Vehicles, batteries, cobalt, and ra­re earth metals.” J. Goldman. 25 October, 2017. https://blog.ucsusa.org/josh-goldman/electric-vehicles-batteries-cobalt-and-rare-earth-metals
     
  38. Scientific American. “More Recycling Won’t Solve Plastic Pollution.” M. Wilkins. 6 July, 2018. https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/more-recycling-wont-solve-plastic-pollution/
     
  39. WIRED magazine. “High-powered Plasma Turns Garbage Into Gas.” D. Wolman. 20 January, 2012. https://www.wired.com/2012/01/ff_trashblaster/
     
  40. Background reading on gasification slag. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slag#Modern_uses
     
  41. Waldheim Consulting. “Industrial Biomass Gasification Activities in Sweden 1997-2009.” ANNEX 1 to IEA Biomass Agreement Task 33 Country Report Sweden 2012
     
  42. Government of Sweden. “The Swedish Recycling Revolution.” No date or author provided. https://sweden.se/nature/the-swedish-recycling-revolution/
     
  43. Table data source: Limpopo Eco-Industrial Park. http://limpopoecoindustrialpark.com/
     
  44. National Geographic. “Ocean Gyre.” https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/ocean-gyre/
     
  45. Reuters. “World’s fish consumption unsustainable, U.N. warns.” T. Win. 9 July, 2018. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-global-fisheries-hunger/worlds-fish-consumption-unsustainable-u-n-warns-idUSKBN1JZ0YA
     
  46. Background reading on the Ocean Cleanup Project. https://www.theoceancleanup.com/
     
  47. Background reading on Circular Economies: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_economy
     
  48. Geissdoerfer, Martin; Savaget, Paulo; Bocken, Nancy M. P.; Hultink, Erik Jan (2017-02-01). “The Circular Economy – A new sustainability paradigm?” Journal of Cleaner Production. 143: 757–768. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.12.048.
     
  49. Ellen MacArthur Foundation. “Towards the Circular Economy: an economic and business rationale for an accelerated transition.” Vol 1. Release date 2013.
    https://www.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/assets/downloads/publications/Ellen-MacArthur-Foundation-Towards-the-Circular-Economy-vol.1.pdf
     
  50. Background reading on 3D printing. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_printing
     
  51. Singularity Hub. “New progress in the biggest challenge with 3D printed organs.” E Gent. 7 May, 2019. https://singularityhub.com/2019/05/07/new-progress-in-the-biggest-challenge-with-3d-printed-organs/
     
  52. University of Washington. "Transforming titanium with 3D printing." C. Yates. 28 October, 2019. https://www.engr.washington.edu/news/article/2019-10-28/transforming-titanium-with-3D-printing
    Advanced Science News. "A new copper-titanium alloy enables 3D printing." M. Grolms. 3 February, 2020. https://www.advancedsciencenews.com/a-new-copper-titanium-alloy-enables-3d-printing/
    MarkForged Corporation. “Complete 3D Metal Printing Solution.” https://markforged.com/metal-x/
     
  53. MarkForged Corporation. “Complete 3D Metal Printing Solution.” https://markforged.com/metal-x/. See also:
    University of Washington. "Transforming titanium with 3D printing." C. Yates. 28 October, 2019. https://www.engr.washington.edu/news/article/2019-10-28/transforming-titanium-with-3D-printing
    Advanced Science News. "A new copper-titanium alloy enables 3D printing." M. Grolms. 3 February, 2020. https://www.advancedsciencenews.com/a-new-copper-titanium-alloy-enables-3d-printing/
     
  54. Science Direct. “Selective Laser Melting.” Myriad articles of varying dates. https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/materials-science/selective-laser-melting